Bladder cancer is a relatively common type of cancer that develops in the urinary bladder. The bladder is a hollow organ that stores urine until you urinate. Most cases of bladder cancer are urothelial carcinoma, which starts in the cells lining the inside of the bladder.
Signs and Symptoms of Bladder Cancer
The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine (hematuria). The blood may be visible (gross hematuria) or only detectable under a microscope (microscopic hematuria).
Other symptoms of bladder cancer can include:
- Painful urination (dysuria)
- Frequent urination (urgency)
- Difficulty urinating (hesitancy)
- Feeling like you cannot empty your bladder completely
- Pelvic pain
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's crucial to see a doctor to determine the cause.
Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer
Smoking is the most significant risk factor for bladder cancer. Other risk factors include:
- Exposure to certain chemicals, such as arsenic and industrial dyes
- Family history of bladder cancer
- Chronic bladder infections
- Long-term use of urinary catheters
Diagnosing Bladder Cancer
If you have blood in your urine or other symptoms of bladder cancer, your doctor will likely order a urinalysis and urine cytology test. These tests can help detect abnormal cells in the urine. Other diagnostic tests for bladder cancer may include:
Cystoscopy: A thin, lighted tube is inserted into the urethra to visualize the inside of the bladder.
Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is removed from the bladder for examination under a microscope.
Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to determine the stage (extent) of cancer if it is diagnosed.
Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer
The treatment for bladder cancer depends on the stage and grade (aggressiveness) of the cancer. Treatment options may include:
Surgery: Surgery to remove all or part of the bladder is the most common treatment for bladder cancer.
Cystoscopy with tumor removal: In some cases, tumors may be removed during a cystoscopy.
Immunotherapy: This treatment helps the body's immune system fight cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Medication is used to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells.
Living with Bladder Cancer
If you have been diagnosed with bladder cancer, you may be concerned about your future health. However, with treatment, many people with bladder cancer can live long and fulfilling lives. Early detection and treatment are key to improving the chances of a successful outcome.
If you have any questions or concerns about bladder cancer, please consult with Urologist.
